Does Diesel Go Bad and How Long Does It Last?

If an emergency strikes, you will need fuel for things like your generator or your bug out vehicle.

Compared to gasoline storage, diesel fuel lasts much longer and is easier to store.

However, just like gasoline, diesel fuel will go bad.  With the right diesel storage methods though, you can make your diesel fuel last much longer.

How Long Does Diesel Last?

Depending on whom you ask, you’ll get a different answer as to how long diesel fuel can last.

This is because the lifespan of diesel fuel largely depends on the conditions.  Diesel fuel stored in a cold area like Alaska is going to last longer than in sunny, humid Florida.

The diesel fuel sold today is a lot different than the diesel fuel several decades ago.  The old type of diesel fuel could last for years without problem.

Today’s diesel fuel is actually ultra low sulfur diesel. Low sulfur means that emissions are lower, but also means that the fuel won’t last as long.

You can expect today’s diesel fuel to last:

• 6 to 12 months: If the temperature is kept around 70 degrees F
• 12+ months: If the temperature is kept below 70 degrees F

There are lots of anecdotal reports of diesel fuel lasting much longer than this.  I’ve read in forums of diesel fuel lasting 10+ years and being okay.  However, you’ll risk ruining your machines if you use expired diesel.

What makes diesel go bad?

If you want to store diesel for the long-term and make it last longer, you’ve got to understand what makes diesel go bad.  The biggest culprits for causing diesel to go bad are:

1. Water/condensation
2. Heat
3. Microbial activity (bacteria and fungus growth)
4. Contact with zinc or copper

Of these factors, water is probably going to be your worst enemy.

Even if you live in a dry area with little temperature fluctuation, you will still end up with some condensation in your tanks.

The condensation not only causes your diesel to gel, but also encourages bacteria and fungus growth.

In theory, you can still use diesel fuel after it has gone bad. However, it will be hell for your machines.

Gelled diesel will clog filters and end up in your engines – leading to failure.   The acids that form in old diesel will cause part corrosion and injector deposits.

It is simply not worth the risk of ruining your machines, so keep an eye for signs of spoilage.

How to Store Diesel Fuel

First you will need to decide how much diesel fuel you need to store.  I would recommend storing no more than what you’d use in a 12 month period.

This way you will be able to rotate through the stored diesel, adding more to your stockpile as necessary.

Diesel Storage Drums

You can buy 5 gallon diesel cans.  Storage in cans are pretty straight-forward.  If you need to store a bit more diesel, then you can get 55 gallon drums.

The problem with diesel drums is that they don’t have a drain on the bottom.  There will be no way to remove sediment or bad diesel from the drum.  If the diesel starts going bad, you are pretty much screwed.

To make sure the diesel lasts in the drums:

• Don’t let water pool on top of the drum: It will cause the drum to corrode, which can affect the fuel.
• Keep the temperature consistent: I know this isn’t always possible, but fluctuations in temperature will cause condensation and water accumulation. You might consider an earth-sheltered building.
• Rotate! Use the first-in, first-out method to make sure your diesel is getting rotated before it goes bad.
• Clean drums between fillings: Before putting new diesel into a drum, clean it. Read how here.

Diesel storage Tanks

If you need larger amounts of diesel fuel, a tank can be a good solution.  The great thing about tanks is that they should have a drain on the bottom.  Since sludge, water and bacteria settle on the bottom of the tank, you can drain off these impurities.

Here’s are tips to make sure your diesel lasts in a tank:

• Consider an underground tank: You’ll have to check your local regulations for installing an underground tank. While this option is pricier and can be more complicated, it will allow you to keep your tank free of water and at a fairly consistent temperature.
• House above ground tanks: Put a roof over the tank to keep water off of it.
• Keep the tank full: The more empty space your tank has, the more room there is for condensation and microbial growth.
• Insulate tanks: Cold weather can cause diesel to gel or ice to form within the tank. Insulation helps prevent this.
• Check your fuel regularly: Look out for signs that the diesel is going bad, like gelling or scum. If this occurs, let the diesel sit so the scum goes to the bottom.  Then drain off the bad diesel from the bottom outlet.

How to Make Diesel Last Longer

Aside from storing the diesel properly, there are a few things you can do to make it last longer.

There is a learning curve to using these products, so it might not be worth it for small amounts of diesel that get rotated.

For long-term diesel storage though, you’ll absolutely need to implement these practices.

1. Biocides

Diesel biocides are added to prevent microbial growth, which is one of the major causes of diesel going bad. You can’t just dump biocide into the diesel tank though.  Read about how to use diesel biocides here.

These are two of the most popular brands of diesel biocide.

2. Stabilizers

These prevent oxidation and acid-based reactions in the diesel fuel. They can extend the life of your diesel fuel by years (though proper storage is still necessary). There are plenty of options for diesel stabilizers on the market.

The Sta-Bil brand of diesel stabilizer (Amazon link) is highly recommended and can keep fuel fresh for 24+ months.

3. Water Absorbers

These additives will attract water molecules and bond with them.  The bonded water is trapped in the fuel, causing it to burn off as steam in the combustion chamber instead of spoiling the fuel.

There aren’t as many options for diesel water absorbers.  If living somewhere humid or subject to drastic temperature changes though, you might want to consider this product. (Amazon link)

4. Filtering Old Diesel Fuel

As a general rule, you should dispose of any diesel fuel which has started to go bad.  In a SHTF situation though, you might not be able to replace the fuel.  Filtering can clean the old diesel fuel and make it usable.

Let the diesel fuel sit (very still!) and most (but not all) of the sludge and sediment will settle to the bottom of the tank.  Using the valve at the bottom of your tank, drain off the dirty diesel.

Next, you’ll need to filter the old diesel to remove other impurities so they don’t get into your engines.  Diesel fuel filters have hydrophobic coatings, which means that they catch water as well as sediment.

This filter by Mr. Funnel is a good choice.

Mr. Funnel Fuel Filter
Check On Amazon

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Are you storing diesel long-term?  Let us know any tips or problems that you have encountered!

+ Image credits

“CAMINOL DIESEL FUEL” (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) by akahawkeyefan

+ Resources

https://forum.solar-electric.com/discussion/350204/is-there-an-easy-way-to-tell-if-diesel-fuel-is-still-good
http://www.fueltechnologiesinternational.com/is-my-stored-diesel-fuel-ready-for-an-emergency.html
https://www.bellperformance.com/blog/bid/114020/guidelines-for-long-term-fuel-storage-of-diesel-and-storage-tanks
http://www.wilderness-survival.net/forums/showthread.php?1492-How-long-can-you-store-DIESEL-fuel
https://www.bellperformance.com/bell-performs-blog/dirty-diesel-symptoms