Types Of Two Way Handheld Radios: Ham vs. CB vs. FRS vs. GMRS vs. MURS

Living in the modern world, we take how easy it is to contact our loved ones for granted. But, in an emergency, communicating isn’t as easy as picking up your cell phone.

How can you contact your family, who may be 5 or even 50 miles away?

You’ll need to get a two-way radio unless you want to use a smoke signal on a tall hill.

There are many types of two-way radios, including some which allow you to talk to groups. Some require a license to operate.

This guide will cover information about choosing a two-way radio for emergencies and recommend reliable products.

The Overview:

A two-way radio allows you to communicate with others over a set distance. For emergency preparedness, HAM radios are the best option.

They are reliable, and even handheld options can transmit up to 50 miles. However, they do require a license and are more expensive to buy.

For transmitting around camp, during hikes, or contacting family members who might be up to 5 miles away in a suburban area, GMRS and CB radios are good options.

They are cheaper and easier to learn – but don’t be surprised if you find yourself getting pulled toward HAM radios later.

We get in-depth on the best products later, but here’s a quick look at our top picks in each category:

What is a 2-Way Radio?

A two-way radio is simply any radio which can transmit and receive voice communications. This is different from broadcast radios that transmit but don’t receive signals.

Two-way radios can be stationary, portable, or a combination of stationary and portable. Here are some examples of these.

Type	Example
Stationary	Military bases using radios to communicate with each other.
Portable	Truck drivers using radios to communicate traffic information.
Combination	Base station communicating with team members on the move, such as taxi dispatchers, airline controllers, or police stations.

Want Kind Do You Need?

Hopefully, you’ve already made an emergency plan for your family. This should include a communication plan – such as where you will meet up if separated and how you will get in touch.

Once you’ve made this emergency plan, you can figure out which kind of two-way radio to get.

You’ll probably want portable radios. Each member can keep a radio in their car, work, or school locker. It’s also nice to have a radio at your home base.

Difference between 2-Way Radios and Walkie Talkies

There is a lot of confusion about the difference between 2-way radios and walkie-talkies. The two terms are often incorrectly used interchangeably.

To make matters worse, we usually associate the term “walkie-talkie” with children’s toys, so people will think that a walkie-talkie must be inferior to a 2-way radio.

A walkie-talkie is simply any portable 2-way radio.

They were first used in WWII but later became available as cheap kid’s toys (which is why the term has picked up a bad connotation). A walkie-talkie doesn’t have to be bad quality. Many walkie-talkies are capable of transmitting signals long distances.

A walkie-talkie is a 2-way radio, but not all 2-way radios are walkie-talkies (think squares and rectangles). This is because some 2-way radios are stationary. If either end of the 2-way radio has a “base,” it isn’t a walkie-talkie.

Note: Ham radios cannot talk to a CB radio

Two-Way Radio Terminology

There is a lot that goes into learning two-way radios. If you get your HAM license, you’ll have to learn all this, operating practices, FCC rules, and much more.

For the sake of choosing and buying a two-way radio for emergencies, you’ll at least need to know these terms below.

Wattage:

Wattage is a measure of how much power a two-way radio uses. The higher the wattage, the better it will be able to transmit. This is important if you want to send messages over a long distance – especially if obstacles like forests or mountains may be in the way.

The downside of high wattage is that it will blow through batteries quickly. Good two-way radios will let you select from a wattage range. This allows you to conserve the battery when you don’t need high wattage.

Range:

Range is how far a two-way radio can transmit. It is common for two-way radios to overstate their range. Many reviewers find that a 25-mile range radio, for example, will only transmit 3 miles.

Bear in mind that range is given for ideal circumstances.

Obstacles like trees, mountains, tall buildings, or bad weather can significantly hinder range. This has to do with the fact that two-way radio waves usually are between 150-900MHz frequency. These waves can only travel in straight lines.

On certain types of two-way radios, the range can be increased using:

Frequency:

Two-way radios use either VHF (Very High Frequency) or UHF (Ultra High Frequency). Of the two, UHF tends to be stronger as it can better transmit through obstacles.

Note that VHF and UHF are not compatible with each other. If you already have a VHF radio and want to add another to communicate with it, you won’t be able to use a UHF.

Channels:

Channels are a specific frequency over which you communicate. You can set a channel for each group. For example, a concert venue might have one channel for security and another for the lighting crew.

Most two-way radios have at least 22 channels. Some models offer many more channels. However, you may not be able to communicate over all the channels. For example, 10 of the channels might be weather alerts.

Because there is a limited number of channels, there is a possibility that a third party could hear your communications – especially if you are in a crowded area where there might be many people using radios within your range.

It also means you could hear other people (which makes a lot of noise!) To squelch this undesired noise, you can use “privacy codes.” These use a filtering system that blocks any communications which aren’t set to the same privacy code.

Types of 2-Way Radios – Quick Overview

There are many types available. The core differences are their allowed watts, range, and number of channels. There are also legal restrictions for using some types of 2-way radios.

Below is a quick summary of the pros and cons of each type, and below we get into more detail about the best two-way radios for your situation.

Detailed Overview

Ham Radio

Amateur Radio Service, more commonly referred to as Ham radio, allows users to talk to other operators across the globe. The “amateur” part doesn’t mean novice. Instead, amateur means “non-commercial” in this case.

Because of its long range and the skills required to operate a ham radio without causing interference, the FCC requires Ham radio operators to be licensed. Read more about Ham radio range.

Note that it isn’t the ham radio which gets licensed. It is the operator who must be licensed. For online Ham classes see HamRadioPrep they offer a money back guarantee if you don’t pass the exam. Use code PRIMAL for 20% Off.

ARRL.org states 600,000 ham radio amateurs are in the USA and over 2 million worldwide.

Many ham radio operators are hobbyists who enjoy the technology and communicating. Ham radio can be interfaced with a computer or tablet to send data, texts, images, or Morse code. There are ham radio contests where the object is to see how many hams in far-away locations can be contacted. You can even call an astronaut using ham radio. Cool!

When an emergency occurs, “hammers” are often the first to respond. This was the case with Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Maria.

Ham radios can be incredibly powerful, but the typical handheld ham radio is about 5 watts or less. Mobile ham radios are usually around 10 to 100 watts, and ham base stations typically have 100 to 200 watts.

Amplifiers can be used to increase the power to 1000+ watts. Antennas can be installed on rooftops or towers to increase range.

Note that there are different ham radio license types, and some limit how many watts you can use. Here is a cheat sheet of allowed frequencies and modes.

Overview:

• Max Power: 5 watts (handheld); 50 watts (mobile); 1500 watts (base)
• Band: HF, UHF, VHR
• Assigned Channels? No
• Range: 1-20 miles (handheld); 5-1200 miles (mobile); 50-2500 miles (base)
• License required? Yes
• Best HAM Radio for preppers

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CB Radio

CB stands for Citizens Band Radio Service. These are very powerful 2-way radios commonly used by truckers and operate on a 27 MHz HF (shortwave) band.

CB is the “wild west of radio services.”

There are almost no legal requirements for operating a CB radio. The FCC rules (95.403) only state that foreign governments cannot use CB radio, and people with an FCC cease and desist order cannot operate CB radio. You are not allowed to have overseas communications with CB radio.

There are 40 channels on CB radio. Each channel can be used in AM or single sideband modes (SSB). The SSB mode is further divided into upper sideband mode (USB) and lower sideband mode (LSB). This gives users even more channels to choose from.

Note that SSB CB radios usually cost more than AM CB radios. However, SSB CB radios have a much longer range and are more reliable in bad weather conditions.

Overview

• Max Power: 12 watts in PEP SSB; 4W watts in AM
• Band: AM and SBB
• Assigned Channels? Yes
• Range: 3-5 miles (handheld); 7-10 miles (mobile); 10-50 miles (base)
• License required? No

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FRS Radio

Family Radio Service (FRS) is becoming increasingly popular because it doesn’t require a license and is easy to use.

There are 14 FRS channels, of which 7 are dedicated to FRS, and the other 7 are shared with GMRS.

Many walkie-talkies are combos of FRS/GMRS. The range of FRS radios is limited, so these would be good for communicating with people around a base camp or in the wilderness.

Overview

• Max Power: 5 watts
• Band: UHF
• Assigned Channels? Yes
• Range: 1-2 miles (handheld)
• License required? No

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GMRS Radio

General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a 2-way radio for short-distance communications. However, you can use repeaters with GMRS to get much longer ranges.

The great thing about GMRS is that it is FM. By comparison, CB operates on the 11-meter (27mhz) HF band in AM. Without getting into technical details, this means that GMRS is much quieter and has better sound quality.

There are a total of 15 channels, of which FRS shares 7. A license is required for GMRS, but only one license is needed for the entire family.

Overview

• Max Power: 5o watts
• Band: UHF
• Assigned Channels? Yes
• Range: 5-25 miles (mobile)
• License required? Yes

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MURS Radio

Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) was created in 2000 and doesn’t require a license. It has a max power of 2 watts, which is higher than an FRS.

However, its popularity is stifled because there aren’t many MURS radios to choose from. Because MURS isn’t as popular, channels won’t be as busy.

Overview

• Max Power: 2 watts
• Band: VFH
• Assigned Channels? Yes
• Range: 2-3 miles (handheld)
• License required? No

Which Two-Way Radio System Is Best?

When choosing a two-way radio for emergency communication, these are the things you need to consider:

• Signal range
• How much time you are willing to invest in learning the system
• How busy channels are
• Whether you can listen to emergency broadcasts and NOAA alerts
• Communication with local emergency responders
• Cost of license and radios

Considering these considerations, the only types of two-way radios worth considering are HAM, GMRS, or CB.

Best HAM Radios

If you are serious about two-way radios and want something reliable, go with a HAM radio. You can buy the radio but remember you’ll need a license to operate it.

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BaoFeng BF-F8HP

Why get it?

Excellent battery life, durability, and hands-free feature make it great for Bug Out Bags.

Features:

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BTECH Mobile UV-50X2

Why get it?

As far as car HAM radios go, this has an impressive range of features yet is still affordable.

Features

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Best GMRS Radio

You don’t have to take a test to get a GMRS license; a single license will cover your entire family. This means you can get started almost immediately.

GMRS radios can get great range and have many built-in emergency features like NOAA alerts.

The model below is a good option.

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Midland GXT1000VPR

Why get it?

For its price group, the GXT1000VPR works surprisingly well. It’s great for newbies to two-way radios who want something to serve during a disaster but doesn’t require a huge investment.

Features

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Best CB Radios

CB radios aren’t recommended for emergencies. But a CB radio is the best alternative if you don’t want to get a GMRS or HAM license.

The models below have some decent features for emergency preparedness. You can also use the CB for monitoring traffic – so long as you don’t mind the noise and profanity!

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Uniden Bearcat 880

Why get it?

It does a great job of canceling the noise you usually get on CB. It is also straightforward to use, so an excellent option for beginners.

Features

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President McKinley USA

Why get it?

This is the crème de la crème of CB radios. It receives and transmits over long distances and has cool features like self-calibration of SWR and overrides.

President also makes some other high-tech CB radios, but this is an overall favorite.

Features

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Do you have a two-way radio for emergency communication? Which type did you choose and why? Let us know in the comments.